Why include quilombolas in the Quota Law? – 10/27/2023 – Education
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Quilombolas are now covered by the Quota Law, a change approved by the Senate last Tuesday (24) and expected to be in force until 2033. The text goes to the Presidency of the Republic for sanction analysis.
The creation of a specific category for people from these communities was considered necessary, according to experts, who point out that just the existence of black and brown people as beneficiaries was not enough to cover this portion of the population.
“The historical process of the formation of quilombos is complex, and cannot be reduced to racial discrimination, as is the case with racial quotas”, explains political scientist from Uerj (State University of Rio de Janeiro), João Feres Júnior, 58.
“The common denominator is the marginalization and spatial segregation suffered by groups of the population throughout our history, which generated a type of community identity, which often survives people’s moves to other urban or rural spaces.”
Givânia Maria da Silva, coordinator of the national education collective at Conaq (National Coordination of Quilombos Articulation), says that specifying in the law guarantees that the group is covered.
“What is the difference between the legislation now? The quilombolas were not mentioned in the quotas, they were in the middle, between black and brown people. Now, they are mentioned as one of the categories. The quilombolas compete among themselves, there is a proportionality”, he explains .
The text establishes that candidates will compete for places reserved for quotas only if they do not initially reach the marks for broad competition.
The 2012 Quota Law provided for a review of the system in 2022, a decade after the sanction, but the policy was only approved by the Chamber of Deputies in August of this year.
In addition to the evaluation ten years from now, the text approved on Tuesday establishes the annual monitoring of public policy.
“I think that, as the legislation is applied in this new format, challenges will certainly begin to emerge, but the most important thing is that now the Quota Law can no longer be exempt from recognizing the existence of quilombolas as subjects of this policy, I think That’s the big gain”, she says.
From an education perspective, Dandara Oliveira, specialist in Youth and Race at ActionAid and in Articulation and Advocay at Seta (Education System for an Anti-Racist Transformation), states that this inclusion is linked to progress in increasing quilombola representation in spaces beyond the educational institutions.
“Brazil is made up of a multi-ethnic bed and, when we include the quilombolas in the quotas, we are saying that we understand this ethnic-racial diversity and that the territory is also important. And with that, we value the territory and the people who are there producing this knowledge.”
Despite the achievement, the Conaq coordinator states that there are still points to be developed by the Quota Law.
“We are aware that in the previous version, as in this one, we have gaps, because the calculation is made based on proportionality. But, at the same time, having the quilombola category is also a way of recognizing these groups, communities, as legal subjects of this policy”, points out Givânia.
SEE WHAT CHANGES ARE IN THE QUOTA LAW:
The Quilombos do Brasil project is a partnership with the Ford Foundation
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