Social poverty breaks record and affects 64.6 million Brazilians during pandemic, says study

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Between 2020 and 2021, 11.7 million people fell into poverty, raising the rate of people in this condition to 30.4%. Woman in a vulnerable situation looks at herself in the mirror on Avenida Radial Oeste, in the vicinity of Maracanã, North Zone of RJ Marcos Serra Lima/g1 Social poverty in Brazil broke a record during the Covid-19 pandemic, reaching 64.6 million people in 2021. This is what a study published by researchers from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS) shows. Between 2020 and 2021, 11.7 million Brazilians fell into a situation of social poverty, raising the percentage of people in this condition to 30.4% – the highest rate in the historical series, which began in 2012. The study by the Laboratory of Inequalities, Poverty and labor market at the university analyzed the absolute and relative dimensions of poverty, considering World Bank measurement lines. The data were based on the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Pnad), by IBGE. READ ALSO: Americanas interrupts contracts with suppliers and closes telesales service BNDES, Caixa and BB: what will be the role of public banks in the new government Lula IMF sees Brazilian inflation at target only in 2024 Marks of inequality According to the survey, the groups most affected by the increase in social poverty were blacks and residents of the North and Northeast regions. Among whites, the social poverty rate was 19.4% in 2021, while the percentage among blacks, browns and indigenous people reached 38.9%. In the Northeast of the country, the rate of people below the poverty line was 36.4%. The North was the second region with the highest concentration of people in this situation, with 33.9% of the population. Then came the Southeast (29%), Midwest (28.4%) and the South region (24%). “Brazil is a country where inequalities are marked by not only functional or educational disparities, but also regional and racial disparities, which makes the phenomenon even more complex to be faced”, says Ely Mattos, coordinator of PUCRS Data Social. The study also showed that the percentage of women in social poverty was higher than that of men between 2012 and 2021, with the exception of 2018, when it was 0.07 percentage points lower. In general, however, the difference is relatively small. “This happens because the calculation of poverty rates is based on the income of the family where the individuals are inserted. Thus, if the family is considered poor according to a certain criterion, all its members will be classified as such, regardless of their sex”, says the study. Initial plugin text “Even so, the poverty rate tends to be slightly higher for women. In 2021, for example, while 31.2% of women were in a situation of social poverty, among men this figure was 29, 6%.” Understand the calculation To calculate the poverty line, per capita household income was considered, including income from formal or informal work, in addition to sources such as unemployment insurance, pensions and income transfer programs. “Everyone below the extreme poverty line (R$ 182 per capita, at 2021 prices) is automatically considered in a situation of social poverty”, explains the document. In addition, the report combined the concepts of absolute and relative poverty, considering the national average values, in 2021: Social Poverty Line: R$ 502.07; Extreme Poverty Line: R$ 182.82; Absolute Poverty Line: R$ 582.47; Relative Poverty Line: R$ 404. 29. The study also took into account regional differences. In São Paulo, for example, people living in social poverty were considered those with a per capita income of R$ 647.79 in 2021. In Maranhão, on the other hand, the value considered was R$ 297.79. With this, the estimate is that in São Paulo the poverty rate reached 12.7 million people in 2021, or 27.3% of the population. In Maranhão, the rate was 10 points percentages above, reaching 37.3%. “This happens because the measure we use considers those in poverty not only those with income below a defined value, but also those whose consumption power is far below the median resident of a given region in a given period. In this sense, it is a social poverty rate, which also takes into account inequalities”, he says.

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