Black and brown, from the North and Northeast: unpublished data outline the profile of women subjected to contemporary slavery

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The labor auditor sees the need for greater inspection of activities historically linked to the female gender, such as housework, care work and in the sex market. Born in the North or Northeast, black or brown, illiterate or with incomplete basic education. This is the profile of most of the 2,488 women rescued from work similar to slavery during the last 20 years in the country. The data are unpublished and were compiled at the request of the g1 by the Inspection Division for the Eradication of Slave Labor (Detrae), a body that is part of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MTP). Wineries will pay R$ 9,661 to each worker in compensation for slave labor Women accounted for only 5% of the total number of people rescued in two decades. According to labor inspector Jamile Virginio, who is a member of the Detrae, this difference is partly due to the fact that Detrae’s work on activities historically linked to the female gender is recent. “It was only in 2017 and 2019 that the first rescues took place in domestic work and in the sex market”. Woman is rescued after 32 years in a situation analogous to slavery in the house of a pastor and teacher in RN See below the main data from the survey: Where they came from and where they went The region that concentrated the largest number of cases was the Southeast, while the largest part of the victims was from states in the North or Northeast. The states that concentrated more than 80% of redemptions are: Pará (428) Minas Gerais (401) Bahia (278) São Paulo (271) Maranhão (238) Tocantins (166) Goiás (123) Rio de Janeiro (101) Age, race and schooling The Detrae also compiled data on the activities carried out by the rescued women and the functions performed in the rural area are the ones that most concentrate cases. More than 70% of the cases are related to the following occupations: Agriculture (1,234) Coffee cultivation (175) Sugarcane cultivation (138) Beef cattle raising (118) Fruit tree cultivation (18) Yerba mate cultivation (15) Jamile tells that the numerical difference in the rescues of men and women is a frequently discussed topic among labor inspectors. She points out that social roles traditionally linked to men and women can help to understand the scenario. “The dynamics of Brazilian society is essentially patriarchal, which sees men as family providers and demands that they look for alternatives for income and employment”, says the inspector. For her, this dynamic makes migratory processes common in search of work. “The migrant condition is a cause of vulnerability often associated with exploitation in conditions analogous to slavery.” “While men leave their cities of origin after promises of better earnings, women remain in these same cities to maintain domestic and family care.” The auditor highlights another point as an explanation for the numbers. “Unpaid domestic work and caregiving falls disproportionately on women, limiting their economic potential.” Another factor cited by her is geographic. “The focus, for many years, was on activities carried out in rural areas, predominantly male activities”. Violations began to be identified in the urban environment only after 2022, in areas such as civil construction and clothing manufacturing. Even in this context, the labor inspector points out that measures are needed to increase the number of women rescued. “The first step is to recognize that the activities they often perform require a closer look on our part.” How the data were obtained Public policies to combat slave labor began in 1995, but it was only after 2003 that information about the profile of the victims began to be collected. The change took place after the creation of the Redeemed Worker Unemployment Insurance, established in 2002 to support victims of forced regimes or conditions analogous to slavery. To receive the benefit, the workers provided personal information and, in this way, the data began to be compiled by the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE).

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